RESUMO
Background: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is used as a marker of subclinical and asymptomatic atherosclerotic vascular disease. Increased CIMT is associated with future cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. There is limited data on the profile and correlates of CIMT in Africa. The aim of this study was to describe the profile and correlates of CIMT in apparently normal younger-age adults in an urban setting in Kenya. Methods: This study used population-based data collected from 2003 adults between the ages of 40 and 60 years in two slums of Nairobi as part of a genetic study. CIMT was measured using LOGIQ e (GE Healthcare, CT, USA) ultrasound on both left and right carotid arteries, whereby maximum, mean, and minimum values were recorded. Age- and sex-specific CIMT measurements were calculated and their association with basic sociodemographic, behavioral and body composition indicators were investigated. Results: The median (IQR) CIMT were 0.58 (0.51, 0.66) and 0.59 (0.53, 0.66) in men and women, respectively. About 16% of the study population had CIMT greater than 0.7mm, the cut off for higher CIMT. Nearly 60% had CIMT values ≥75th percentile. Age, current use of alcohol, systolic blood pressure, subcutaneous fat thickness, pulse rate and pulse pressure were found to be the main predictors of CIMT in our study population. Conclusion: This study provided population-based reference values and predictors for CIMT for an adult population living in urban poor settings in Kenya. Future studies need to consider biochemical and genetic predictors of CIMT in this population. (AU)
Antecedentes: El grosor de la íntima-media carotídea (GIMc) se utiliza como marcador de la aterosclerosis subclínica y asintomática. El incremento del GIMc está asociado a episodios cerebrovasculares y cardiovasculares futuros. Existen datos limitados sobre el perfil y la correlación del GIMc en África. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil y la correlación del GIMc en adultos jóvenes aparentemente normales en un contexto urbano de Kenia. Métodos: Este estudio utilizó datos basados en población de 2.003 adultos con edades comprendidas entre 40 y 60 años en dos suburbios de Nairobi, como parte de un estudio genético. El GIMc se midió utilizando el ecógrafo LOGIQ E (GE Healthcare, CT, EE. UU.) en ambas carótidas, izquierda y derecha, donde se registraron los valores máximo, medio y mínimo. Se calcularon las medidas de GIMc específicas de la edad y el sexo, así como su asociación con los indicadores sociodemográficos, conductuales y corporales básicos. Resultados: Los valores medios (RIC) de GIMc fueron 0,58 (0,51, 0,66) y 0,59 (0,53, 0,66) en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. Cerca del 16% de la población de estudio tuvo un GIMc superior a 0,7mm, siendo el punto de corte de GIMc elevado. Cerca del 60% reflejó valores de GIMc ≥percentil 75. La edad, el consumo actual de alcohol, la presión arterial sistólica, el grosor de la grasa subcutánea, la frecuencia cardiaca y la presión del pulso fueron los principales factores predictivos de GIMc en la población de nuestro estudio. Conclusión: Este estudio aportó valores de referencia basados en población y factores predictivos de GIMc para una población adulta en un entorno urbano de pocos recursos de Kenia. Los estudios futuros deberán considerar los factores predictivos bioquímicos y genéticos de GIMc en dicha población. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , População Urbana , Áreas de Pobreza , Pressão Arterial , Gordura SubcutâneaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is used as a marker of subclinical and asymptomatic atherosclerotic vascular disease. Increased CIMT is associated with future cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. There is limited data on the profile and correlates of CIMT in Africa. The aim of this study was to describe the profile and correlates of CIMT in apparently normal younger-age adults in an urban setting in Kenya. METHODS: This study used population-based data collected from 2003 adults between the ages of 40 and 60 years in two slums of Nairobi as part of a genetic study. CIMT was measured using LOGIQ e (GE Healthcare, CT, USA) ultrasound on both left and right carotid arteries, whereby maximum, mean, and minimum values were recorded. Age- and sex-specific CIMT measurements were calculated and their association with basic sociodemographic, behavioral and body composition indicators were investigated. RESULTS: The median (IQR) CIMT were 0.58 (0.51, 0.66) and 0.59 (0.53, 0.66) in men and women, respectively. About 16% of the study population had CIMT greater than 0.7mm, the cut off for higher CIMT. Nearly 60% had CIMT values ≥75th percentile. Age, current use of alcohol, systolic blood pressure, subcutaneous fat thickness, pulse rate and pulse pressure were found to be the main predictors of CIMT in our study population. CONCLUSION: This study provided population-based reference values and predictors for CIMT for an adult population living in urban poor settings in Kenya. Future studies need to consider biochemical and genetic predictors of CIMT in this population.
